换热系统蒸汽入口发生的水锤问题介绍

日期： 2024-05-06 作者：晟德亿编辑

换热系统蒸汽入口发生的水锤问题：

由于所供蒸汽往往都含水（过热蒸汽除外），加上在管道输送过程中的散热冷凝，换热系统的供汽管道中通常会含有冷凝水。当某个时刻因负载瞬间加大而蒸汽速度提高时，管道中的冷凝水会产生水浪，水浪在蒸汽的快速推动下朝着流向逐渐加大，当其升高至管道顶部而阻塞管道使水浪前后形成一道暂时性的水封时，它阻挡了蒸汽的通路，前后压差变大，被前后较大的压差推动高速加速前冲，像子弹出膛。而且，在高速前冲时，冷凝水的量愈来愈多，速度亦越来越快，最终撞击到阀门、弯管或设备金属壁就发生水锤现象。当系统停机后起机时，由于管道中冷凝水量大，蒸汽速度变化快，水锤往往会更严重。

供汽管道在冷凝水量较大时，尤其当冷凝水液位接近管道通径的80%时（管道口径比较小时容易发生），如果管道存在弯头或装有调节阀，即使负载稳定也会发生水锤。

曾经，普遍认为越是低温的冷凝水越可能造成严重的水锤。然而，实验却揭示了一个惊人的事实，实验表明当冷凝水的温度略低于蒸汽温度时会对水锤的形成造成最大的影响。

更确切的讲，假设当蒸汽温度为100℃，冷凝水温度处于70℃-80℃时产生水锤的几率要大于冷凝水温度处于50℃~60℃时。

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