换热设备内的水锤问题介绍

日期： 2024-05-07 作者：晟德亿编辑

失流问题引起的设备积水。失流是指疏水阀后的总背压大于或等于换热设备内蒸汽空间的压力，导致设备内冷凝水无法排除而引起积水。换热设备失流，主要有两种可能：1）换热面积过大引起失流。换热设备的换热面积过大时换热能力提高，换热器所需蒸汽压力降低，导致换热器内蒸汽压力过低而引起失流；2）二次侧流体入口温度升高/流量降低/出口设定温度降低引起失流。这三种情况都回引起换热系统负荷降低，使得控制阀关小以降低蒸汽的压力，导致设备出口疏水阀前后压差偏小而失流。

疏水阀选型问题引起换热设备积水。疏水阀选型过小或疏水阀疏水温度过低（如热静力型）也会导致换热设备内部冷凝水不能及时排除而积水。

设备内部积水一定会引发水锤吗？实践证明，当设备下端的冷凝水温度与蒸汽温度相同时，不会有蒸汽被冷凝水冷凝，也没有水锤发生；当冷凝水的温度远低于蒸汽温度时，蒸汽接触到低温冷凝水时瞬间冷凝，只会产生很少蒸汽泡，几乎不会产生水锤；当冷凝水与蒸汽温差为20-30℃时，蒸汽被冷凝水冷凝速度较慢，蒸汽与冷凝水接触时间较长，会有大量的汽泡聚集，当蒸汽达到冷凝点时，大量的蒸汽瞬间冷凝，大量汽泡破灭，其体积瞬间缩小几百到上千倍，真空区瞬间形成，冷凝水会被高速吸到这个真空的空间，形成水锤。

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