过热蒸汽的传热系数高？—— 蒸汽节能技术的分析

日期： 2023-01-11 作者：晟德亿编辑

很多企业直接将火电厂提供的过热蒸汽应用于换热设备，误以为这样可以降低蒸汽消耗。真的是这样吗？

过热蒸汽的传热系数很低。过热蒸汽的放热过程分为两个阶段：显热释放和潜热释放。与潜热相比，释放显热的时间长，热能少。而且当换热器表面的过热蒸汽放热降温时，远离换热表面的过热蒸汽很难释放热能，因为过热蒸汽和空气一样导热系数低。因此，过热蒸汽的传热系数远小于饱和蒸汽。过热度越高，传热系数越小。大多数情况下，对于盘管换热器，过热蒸汽的传热系数仅为饱和蒸汽的4%-8%左右。

降低生产效率虽然同压力下过热蒸汽的温度高于饱和蒸汽，但过热蒸汽的传热效率远低于饱和蒸汽，设备所能完成的热负荷降低。因此，当使用过热蒸汽时，设备的加热效率降低，生产效率降低。

增加蒸汽用量为了保证生产效率，现场操作人员会增加阀门开度，试图通过增加蒸汽流量来弥补换热设备的低效率。然而，由于热交换器可以完成的热负荷的减少，一些增加的蒸汽将在冷凝之前被释放，导致能量浪费。如果采取措施防止蒸汽在冷凝前从设备中排出，设备所能完成的热负荷也会降低。为了保证同样的产量，只能增加生产班次和投入设备的数量，终会增加蒸汽消耗。

由此可见，过热蒸汽虽然温度高，含热量大，但是直接用过热蒸汽进行热交换，不仅达不到节能效果，往往还会适得其反！

所以一般间接换热建议使用饱和蒸汽，从而达到蒸汽节能效果。

上一篇：如何提高蒸汽品质及换热效率？下一篇：蒸汽节能技术应用——焓差补偿扩容净化回收器

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